Pendulum-lev el



No Model.)

E. D. ORAMER.

PENDULUM LEVEL.

Patented Mar, 3, 1885.

' w/r/v ssss ByA Afforne'y $0 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELIJAH D. CRAMER, OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO.

PENDULUM-LEVEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,290, dated March 3,1885.

' Application filed June 5, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELIJAH D. CRAMER, a citizen of the United States.residing at Youngstown, in the county of Mahoning and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Masons andCarpenters Instruments; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of my invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form partof this specification.

My invention relates to that class of masons and carpenters instrumentswhich are employed to obtain lines and angles, and its object is toprovide a convenient instrument, which constitutes a plumb-level andprotractor combined, by the use of which levels, angles, andperpendiculars may be readily found by the workman with perfect accuracyand under any circumstances. I attain this object by the mechanismhereinafter described, and illustrated in the drawings, in which Figure1 is aview of the index or face side of the instrument in a horizontalposition, and Fig. 2 is an edge sectional view of the same in the sameposition. Fig. 3 represents a view, partly in perspective, showing theinterior of the device.

Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the figures.

The body of the instrument is a rectangular timber, B, having its edgesat perfect right angles, and being preferably, for ordinary uses,threefeet in length, four inches in width, and one and one-quarter inchthick. The attachment A, which is for the purpose of obtaining levels,is a rectangular box formed by a bottom and four sides of metal and acover of glass, and is sunk into theface side of the timber equidistantbetween its edges near one end, so that the glass cover is on a planewith the surface of the timber, and the edges of the timber and thesides of the box are parallel.

The box for the size of the instrument above designated is preferablyten inches long, one inch wide, and five-eighths-of an inch deep. Athumb-screw penetrates from one edge of the timber to the box, which hasa threaded hole in its side to receive it as a means of adjustment. Nearthe upper end of the box when perpendicular, extending from the bottomto the cover opposite, is a pin, I), which passes through apendulum-rodby a hole somewhat largerthan the pin except at the center of the rod,so that the pendulum, being weighted near its lower end, and providedwith a fiat head a trifle smaller in breadth than thewid th, to maintainits position, freely oscillates right and left and backward and forwardwith the movement of theinstrument. At the breadth center of the bottomof the box, near the lower end, is a mark, 0, which the pointed lowerend of the pendulum covers when the instrument is exactly perpendicular.The colors of the bottom of the box, the mark, and the pendulum arepreferably in strong contrast, to enable the eye to note the position ofthe pendulum with greater readiness.

The attachment B is for the purpose of ob taining levels and angles, andis a semicircular box of metal covered with glass, the bottom of whichis marked as a protractor, indicating, near the edge of the half-diskformed by the bottom, the degrees of a quarter-circle each side of apoint directly below the'center of the whole circle, immediately belowwhich is suspended a pendulum, weighted and sup ported as alreadydescribed for the pendulum in attachment A. The box, which for the sizeof theinstrument already given is preferably six inches along the flatside and five-eighths inch deep, is embedded into the timber at itslength center, so that i ts flat side is on a plane with the edge of'the timber and its cover on a plane with the face side, by whichadjustment, when the instrument is brought to a horizontal with itsopposite edge d0wnward, the pendulum will point to the lowest point onthe bottom, and each variation of the position of the instrument fromthe horizontal will be indicated in degrees by the pendulum.

I do not limit myself to any particular size for my instrument, or anypart thereof, nor to the device described to secure a free oscillationof the pendulums,for which purpose any efficient device may be employed.

As will be at once comprehended, this instrument readily shows levels,angles, and perpendiculars, and is very valuable to carpenters, masons,and other builders, both for its absolute accuracy and for theconvenience with which it may be used. It is especially the pivot-pin b,extending through the upper useful in getting perpendiculars in a windpart of the said box, and enlarged at its cenwhich disturbs the accuracyof the plumbter, as shown, and the pendulum mounted line, and in keepingthe proper angle in batupon said pivot and adapted to swing later- 5tering back walls, for which the instruments ally as well as back andforth, the instrument 20 now used are defective. It is evident that itbeing provided with a center-mark, c, to cenwould be useful insurveying. ter the free end of the pendulum, substantially I am awarethat a protractor without apendas specified. ulum for obtaining linesand angles is old, In testimony whereof Ihavehereunto afiixed 10 and Ido not claim such to be my invention. my name and seal in the presenceof two wit- 25 What Ido claim as my invention, and desire nesses.

to secure by Letters Patent, is ELIJ AH D. ORAMER. [L. s.]

In an instrument for obtaining perpendicu- Witnesses: I lars, thestraightedge or timber 13, having a JAMES F. \VILSON, r 5 rectangularbox, A, with a transparent front, L. D. WOODWORTH.

